By Prof. Lawrence Muganga
Transformative Educationist and Vice Chancellor, Victoria University
When the United Arab Emirates (UAE) appointed the world’s first Minister of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in 2017, many observers thought it was a symbolic gesture. Yet, that single move signalled a massive national commitment to the future. Today, the UAE’s AI-driven policies have propelled it to the forefront of global technology and economic progress. Meanwhile, Uganda like much of Africa risks trailing far behind if we do not act promptly.
AI might seem like an abstract idea to most people. Yet it has quietly become a powerful engine of change, transforming healthcare, agriculture, education, manufacturing, finance, and even the way governments serve citizens. By setting up our own Ministry of AI, Uganda can not only catch up but position itself as a trailblazer in Africa. In doing so, we could achieve consistent annual GDP growth of 7–10% a milestone that would reshape our country’s fortunes. More importantly, it would stand as one of the greatest legacies for His Excellency the President, a visionary move that generations to come would celebrate.
The Missed Revolutions and the Danger of Repeating Them
Uganda did not fully participate in the first, second, or third Industrial Revolutions, nor did we take advantage of the more recent fourth-wave driven by digital technologies. The consequences have been tangible: slow economic progress, high unemployment, and a limited local manufacturing base. We now face a fifth wave of the AI revolution that is transforming global productivity. Missing out on this wave would be even more devastating, given how AI weaves itself into every corner of modern life.
It is absolutely critical that we do not sideline AI within existing portfolios, such as the Ministry of ICT and National Guidance or the Ministry of Science and Innovation. Though these ministries are doing important work, AI stands out as a gem unlike any other. It is a cross-cutting resource with the power to enhance every sector of our economy, from family-run farms to major multinational companies. This is why it deserves a ministry of its own.
AI: A Gem for Every Sector
AI can revolutionize our country in ways no other technology can match. Below are expanded, tangible examples illustrating how AI could drive Uganda’s growth trajectory at lightning speed:
- Agriculture
Precision Farming: AI-driven drones, cameras, and sensors can pinpoint exactly where crops need water, fertilizer, or pest control, boosting yields while minimizing resource waste. This precision reduces the burden on smallholder farmers and ensures maximum productivity.
Forecasting & Market Insights: By analyzing massive datasets ranging from weather patterns and soil quality to regional consumption habits AI tools can alert farmers on what to plant when to plant, and where to sell for the best prices. This data-driven approach can spare farmers from market gluts and post-harvest losses. - Healthcare
Fast Creation of Medicines & Treatments: AI-powered research tools can sift through vast amounts of medical data to identify promising compounds, predict drug interactions, and design targeted therapies. Uganda could collaborate with global biotech firms or set up local AI-driven research hubs to develop new medicines and treatments that were previously out of reach—especially for diseases endemic to Africa.
Efficient Diagnosis: Machine learning algorithms can analyse medical scans—such as X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans—within seconds, detecting diseases at their earliest stages. Early detection significantly improves patient outcomes and reduces long-term healthcare costs. - Education
Personalized Learning: AI can analyse students’ strengths, weaknesses, and learning styles, then adjust lessons to ensure every learner gets individualized support. This technology could reduce dropout rates and raise our overall literacy and competency levels.
Administrative Automation: From tracking attendance to automating exams and record-keeping, AI tools free teachers and school administrators from routine tasks, allowing them to focus on mentorship and teaching quality. - Tourism & Transport
Smart Traffic Management: AI can coordinate traffic lights, predict congestion points, and recommend alternative routes, dramatically cutting travel time and pollution in cities like Kampala.
Enhanced Tourist Experiences: Virtual reality tours, AI-powered translation services, and personalized travel itineraries can boost tourist engagement. This not only improves the visitor experience but also promotes local heritage, arts, and crafts. - Finance & Banking
Financial Inclusion: AI can analyse non-traditional data—like mobile phone usage or purchase history—to build credit profiles for individuals or small businesses lacking formal banking histories. This approach expands access to microloans and insurance, spurring entrepreneurial growth.
Fraud Detection: Machine learning models can scan vast transaction records in real time to flag suspicious activities, helping protect banks and customers from fraud and cyberattacks. - Manufacturing & Industry
Automation & Robotics: AI-guided robots on factory floors can perform repetitive tasks faster, cheaper, and with fewer errors. This efficiency makes Uganda’s manufacturing sector more competitive globally.
Predictive Maintenance: Sensors installed on production lines can detect early signs of equipment failure, allowing timely repairs and reducing expensive downtime.
Collectively, these wide-ranging use cases demonstrate AI’s capacity to serve as a foundation for Uganda’s growth. It is not just about modernizing or digitizing—it is about unlocking entirely new possibilities in every field.
Why a Standalone Ministry of AI?
The calls for a separate ministry might seem extreme. However, AI demands specialized focus and high-level political support. Here’s why:
- Dedicated Leadership and Accountability
A Ministry of AI would have a single-minded objective: to harness AI for national development. It would be led by a Minister whose performance is measured against AI-related targets. This degree of focus and accountability simply isn’t possible if AI is lumped under a broader ICT or Science portfolio. - Streamlined Regulation and Oversight
Globally, discussions around AI ethics, data privacy, and job displacement are at the forefront. A dedicated Ministry of AI could shape Uganda’s AI regulatory framework, ensuring we embrace innovation while safeguarding our citizens’ rights. - Enhanced Stakeholder Coordination
AI solutions often require combined efforts from government agencies, private sector actors, technology researchers, and educational institutions. A dedicated ministry can coordinate these diverse stakeholders, making sure everyone is working toward the same objectives. - Signalling to Investors
A clear, committed stance on AI would indicate to global investors and tech firms that Uganda is serious about becoming a regional AI leader. This would attract foreign direct investment, technology partnerships, and capacity-building initiatives.
What Would It Take?
Establishing a Ministry of AI requires resources, political courage, and a unified vision. However, the potential returns are staggering—and failure to act could be catastrophic for our nation’s future.
Certainly, there is a valid temptation for a section of Ugandans to argue that establishing an additional whole ministry to father or be in charge of AI would be an unnecessary additional cost and a burden added to the Ugandan taxpayers. Much as this may sound like a valid argument, this ministry and the minister in charge of AI is not business as usual because the entire country’s economy depends on it, and, in fact, it’s the backbone of the nation’s progress.
The cost of neglecting the adoption of AI and failing to invest heavily in it as required is so catastrophic that we cannot afford it. Attempting to keep a blind eye and assume we’ll be fine is, in itself, an unforgivable betrayal of our children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren of Uganda. Let us be painfully clear: if we do not do this now, we condemn ourselves to remain beggars who have said goodbye to true economic emancipation.
- Budget and Funding
– The government must create a dedicated AI Fund in the national budget, channelling money into research, pilot projects, and local AI businesses.
– Partnerships with private companies and international donors can supplement public funds, but reliable government commitment will be critical. - Talent Development
– Immediate curriculum reforms are needed—from primary school up to university—to ensure Ugandan students acquire AI literacy and skills.
– Encouraging collaboration between local universities, global tech giants, and AI research institutes can accelerate capacity-building and knowledge transfer. - Infrastructure
– Reliable electricity, robust internet connectivity, and modern data centers form the backbone of any AI ecosystem.
– Uganda must invest in upgrading ICT infrastructure nationwide, extending broadband to rural areas so that AI-driven solutions benefit everyone, not just urban elites. - Regulation and Ethics
– Policymakers must set clear guidelines on data privacy, job security, and the responsible use of AI.
– Continuous stakeholder engagement—including local communities, civil society, and the private sector—will help address concerns like bias and job displacement. - Public Awareness
– National campaigns and media outreach can demystify AI, showing Ugandans how it improves daily life and fosters economic growth.
– This education should target all age groups, so parents, students, and retirees alike see AI not as a threat but as an opportunity.
A Historic Legacy for Our President
Leaders are remembered for the landmark achievements made during their tenure. For Uganda’s President, driving an AI-focused agenda could be that watershed moment. Beyond roads and conventional infrastructure—important as they are—an AI-driven economy can uplift livelihoods, reduce inequality, and push Uganda onto the international stage.
Picture a Uganda where advanced diagnostics and cutting-edge treatments become available in every district, or where farmers are empowered to produce more and earn more through AI-assisted decision-making. That is the kind of future-building that will echo through the generations.
This vision echoes the transformative leaps seen in nations like the UAE. By leading an AI revolution in Uganda, our President can rightfully be lauded as the visionary who recognized the next global economic shift and strategically positioned Uganda to reap substantial benefits.
Conclusion: Uganda’s AI Moment is Now
Some revolutions come and go without making a splash in Africa. But AI is different—it’s deeply woven into the future of every major sector. Missing it would not just mean lost economic opportunities; it would also risk plunging us further behind in areas like healthcare access, education standards, and agricultural competitiveness.
A Ministry of AI, led by a dedicated minister and supported at the highest political level, represents Uganda’s best chance to leapfrog into a new era of technology-driven growth. If we grasp this opportunity, we can expect transformations across our society—raising incomes, uplifting communities, and building a stable, knowledge-based economy.
In short, AI is a gem—and with the right policies, it can truly sparkle for every Ugandan. Let us act now, so that generations to come will look back and say: “Yes, this was the turning point. This is when Uganda chose its own destiny.”
About the Author:
Prof. Lawrence Muganga is a transformative educationist, Vice Chancellor of Victoria University, and a leading voice on Artificial Intelligence in Africa. He is recognized for pioneering innovations in education and inspiring the next generation of technology-driven leaders.
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