By Anna Nakirabira
Epilepsy is one of the most common brain conditions in the world, affecting more than 5 million people globally and many thousands of Ugandans. But even though it is common, epilepsy is still surrounded by fear, myths, and stigma in many of our communities.
A person is considered to have epilepsy when they have two or more unprovoked seizures or when a medical worker determines they are likely to have more in the future. Unfortunately, in Uganda some people still believe epilepsy is caused by witchcraft, curses, spiritual attacks, or family misfortune. These beliefs stop people from going to health facilities, even though treatment is available and effective.
A seizure happens because of sudden abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It is not caused by evil spirits. Some people may have only one seizure in their lifetime, while others have many. Sometimes the exact cause is not known, but common causes in Uganda include severe malaria, meningitis, neurocysticercosis (from pork tapeworm infection), road traffic accidents, birth complications, stroke, genetic factors, and immune or metabolic problems.
Many Ugandans only recognize the type of seizure where a person falls, shakes, and loses consciousness. But there are other types: some people simply stare blankly for a few seconds; others have strange sensations or brief changes in behaviour. Knowing these signs helps families and communities respond better.
Epilepsy is more common in low- and middle-income countries like Uganda because of preventable risk factors such as infections and head injuries. Limited access to treatment also adds to the burden.
The positive news is that with proper medication and follow-up, up to 70% of people with epilepsy can live seizure-free. Many Ugandans with epilepsy can go to school, work, get married, and contribute to their communities just like anyone else.
What to do when someone has a seizure:
– Stay calm and remain with the person.
– Remove dangerous objects to prevent injury.
– Time the seizure; if it goes beyond five minutes, seek emergency help at the nearest health facility.
– Do not put anything in their mouth — not water, not a spoon, nothing.
– After the shaking stops, turn them onto their side (recovery position) so they can breathe easily.
Stigma is still one of the biggest challenges in Uganda. People with epilepsy are sometimes denied education, work, or marriage opportunities. Some families keep affected children hidden because they fear community judgement. This must change.
Epilepsy is not contagious; it is not a curse; it is not spiritual. It is a medical condition that is treatable.
Every Ugandan has a role to play. Let us talk openly about epilepsy, support affected families, and encourage those with repeated seizures to seek medical attention. Let us treat people with epilepsy with dignity, kindness, and hope.
With more awareness and access to healthcare, Uganda can greatly reduce stigma and prevent avoidable causes, ensuring that no person living with epilepsy feels alone.
The writer is a Clinical Nurse Specialist – Epilepsy at University Hospital Southampton.
If you would like your article/opinion to be published on Uganda’s most authoritative news platform, send your submission on: [email protected]. You can also follow DailyExpress on WhatsApp and on Twitter (X) for realtime updates.
